The US Army Chaplain Corp will celebrate its 237th birthday tomorrow (29 July) so I thought it would be interesting to dedicate a post to a brief history of the chaplaincy. Please note this is not a comprehensive history nor does it even scratch the surface. There have been medal of honor winners and chaplains who have given their lives. Pro Deo et Patria – For God and Country is more than a motto – it is a way of life!
Priests went to war with armies as far back as ancient times. And this tradition has been a part of America’s history from as early as the French and Indian War, when a young militia colonel named George Washington complained for “want of a chaplain.”
General Washington and the Continental Army instituted a chaplain corps. during the American Revolution to help bolster troop morale and insure that the religious needs of the soldiers were met.
During the first few years of the war, the nature of the chaplaincy was a bit disorganized – as were quite a few facets of American military life. The first major step in establishing an organized chaplaincy came in 1776, when Congress approved one chaplain per regiment. General Washington ordered that the regimental commanders “procure Chaplains accordingly” and that the chaplains be “persons of good Characters and exemplary lives.”
In 1776, Congress set the pay rate at “thirty-three Dollars and one third pr month.” And in 1782, Congress passed a resolution that fixed chaplain pay to the rank of major.
Virtually all Revolutionary War chaplains were Protestant, reflecting the dominant nature of Protestantism in colonial America. There were two Roman Catholics in the Chaplain Corps. Over the years, the Chaplain Corps. has become increasingly diverse, reflecting the changing nature of America’s population.
For more information on chaplains in the Revolutionary War, click here.
Not to let out the other great conflict on American soil, our Civil War. There were chaplains there as well.
According to the book “Faith in the Fight” there were some 3,694 ministers, priests, and rabbis duly sworn and commissioned into service in the Armies of the North and the South. Officially noncombatants they were prohibited to act like soldiers and to be friends to all.
Rev. George S. Bradley of the 22nd Wisconsin Regiment wrote about the life of an Army chaplain in his book, The Star Corps: Notes of an Army Chaplain during Sherman’s Famous March to the Sea, published in 1865. He wrote that “The regulations require that a chaplain must be an ordained minister of the Gospel. That means he must have spent several quiet years as a student and probably several more with a peaceful congregation.”
The Reverend John E. Robie of the 74th New York State Militia wrote an article for the Buffalo Christian Advocate, which he owned, about the qualifications and duties of the Army Chaplain:
“In order to become a chaplain it is necessary to get a certificate of not less than five ministers of one’s own denomination that one is a regularly-ordained clergyman… He must be elected to the position by the regiment which he will serve… He will be paid $100 a month and $18 for rations with forage for one horse… As the commanding officer will permit, the chaplain should have prayer daily at dress parade… The prayer should not be more than three minutes long… On Sunday, but one service can be held, and that not always… The service, including scripture-reading, singing, sermon or address, and prayers should occupy 20 or 25 minutes – never over 30.”
Very interesting accounts of what the life of a chaplain really was during the time of war. The role of the chaplain has not changed all that much since those days and is still a vital part of the military service.
I will highlight of few of the “great” chaplains in the next few days.